A Complete Guide to the Rules of Golf

  • Time to read: 21 min.

Welcome to the world of golf! In this article, we will explore the essential rules of golf that every player should know. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned golfer, understanding and adhering to these rules will ensure fair play and enhance your overall golfing experience. So, let’s dive in and discover the rules that govern this elegant and challenging sport.

Understanding the basic rules of golf

Golf is a game that requires both skill and knowledge of the rules. Understanding the basic rules of golf is essential for every golfer, whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro. These rules serve as a guide to ensure fair play and maintain the integrity of the game. Here are some key rules to help you navigate the golf course.

  1. Teeing Off: To start a hole, you must tee off from within the designated tee box. The ball must be in play once you strike it, and you cannot touch the ball again until it comes to rest.
  2. Fairway Play: After teeing off, the objective is to hit the ball into the fairway. You should aim to make progress towards the hole with each stroke.
  3. Hazards and Out of Bounds: Golf courses often have hazards such as bunkers and water bodies, as well as out of bounds areas. If your ball lands in a hazard, you may need to take a penalty stroke. If it goes out of bounds, you’ll need to play a new ball from where you last played with a one-stroke penalty.
  4. Etiquette: Golf has a strong emphasis on etiquette and sportsmanship. It’s important to be respectful of other players on the course, maintain a steady pace of play, and repair any divots or ball marks.
  5. Scoring: The ultimate goal is to complete each hole in as few strokes as possible. Remember to keep track of your score and follow the specific scoring system for the game you’re playing, such as stroke play or match play.

By familiarizing yourself with these basic rules of golf, you’ll be able to enjoy the game and participate in it with confidence. Keep in mind that there are additional rules and regulations that govern more complex situations, so it’s always a good idea to consult the official Rules of Golf for more detailed information.

The importance of etiquette in golf

Golf is not just a game of skill, but also a game of etiquette. The importance of etiquette in golf cannot be overstated. It is a code of conduct that every golfer should adhere to, as it not only enhances the overall experience of the game but also shows respect for the course, fellow players, and the traditions of the sport.

Etiquette in golf encompasses a wide range of behaviors and practices. One of the fundamental rules is to always be mindful of the pace of play. Slow play can be frustrating for both players and those waiting behind, so it is essential to keep up with the group ahead and play efficiently. This includes being ready to hit when it’s your turn, avoiding unnecessary delays, and picking up the pace when necessary.

Another key aspect of golf etiquette is taking care of the course. Repairing divots, raking bunkers, and fixing ball marks on the greens are all essential responsibilities of every golfer. By doing so, you not only maintain the integrity of the course but also ensure a pleasant experience for others playing after you.

Respecting fellow players is also crucial in golf etiquette. This means refraining from talking or moving during another player’s swing, not distracting or standing in the line of sight of other players, and being courteous and supportive to your playing partners. Additionally, being aware of the noise you create on the course and keeping it to a minimum is also a sign of respect for others.

Furthermore, being aware of certain rules and traditions of the game is important. For example, knowing when it is appropriate to applaud a good shot or offer congratulations to a fellow player shows your understanding of the game’s customs. Additionally, understanding basic rules such as giving priority to the player furthest from the hole or playing the ball as it lies without improving its position is essential.

In conclusion, etiquette in golf is vital for creating a harmonious and enjoyable playing environment. By following the rules and customs of the game, you not only demonstrate your respect for the sport but also enhance your own golfing experience. So, remember to always be mindful of etiquette on the golf course and encourage others to do the same.

ETIQUETTE RULEIMPORTANCE
Arrive on timeRespecting other players’ time and ensuring a smooth pace of play
Repair divotsMaintaining the course’s condition for yourself and others
Keep quiet during swingsAvoiding distractions and allowing players to concentrate
Replace divotsRestoring the turf and preventing damage to the playing surface
Rake bunkersLeaving the bunker in a playable condition for other golfers
Repair ball marks on greensPreserving the smoothness and quality of the putting surface
Yell ‘Fore!’ when necessaryWarning other players of potential danger from errant shots
Avoid walking on another player’s putting linePreventing any disruption or damage to the line of putt
Allow faster groups to play throughMaintaining a steady pace of play and showing consideration for others
Respect the course and its facilitiesAppreciating the golf course and treating it with care and respect
Follow dress code guidelinesShowing professionalism and respecting the traditions of the game
Keep golf carts off tee boxes and greensPreventing any potential damage to the tee boxes and greens
Be aware of your shadow on the putting lineAvoiding any interference with other players’ ability to read the green
Allow the player farthest from the hole to play firstMaintaining proper order of play and avoiding any confusion
Keep up with the group aheadEnsuring a smooth flow of play and preventing delays

How to count strokes and keep score in golf

Golf is a game of precision and strategy, and keeping score is an essential part of the gameplay. To count strokes and keep score in golf, there are a few key rules to follow. Firstly, each time a player strikes the ball, it counts as one stroke. Whether it’s from the tee, fairway, rough, or green, each stroke contributes to the overall score.

To keep track of your strokes, it’s important to mark them on a scorecard or use a golf scoring app. After each stroke, record the number on the designated hole on the scorecard. This helps you stay organized and allows you to review your progress throughout the round.

When it comes to scoring, the objective is to complete each hole in as few strokes as possible. This means that the player with the lowest score at the end of the round is the winner. To calculate your score, simply add up the number of strokes for each hole. For instance, if you scored 4 on the first hole, 5 on the second hole, and 3 on the third hole, your total score would be 12 strokes.

It’s worth mentioning that golf has its own unique terminology for scoring. For example, achieving a score of one stroke below par is called a birdie, while scoring two strokes below par is an eagle. On the other hand, scoring one stroke above par is a bogey, and two strokes above par is a double bogey. These terms add a layer of excitement and challenge to the game.

To ensure fairness and accuracy in scoring, it’s crucial to adhere to the Rules of Golf established by the United States Golf Association (USGA) and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (R&A). These rules outline the guidelines for counting strokes, penalties, and much more, ensuring a consistent and standardized approach to scoring across the sport.

In conclusion, counting strokes and keeping score in golf is a fundamental aspect of the game. By following the rules, recording each stroke, and calculating your score accurately, you can engage in fair competition and track your progress as you strive for improvement. So grab your clubs, keep your scorecard handy, and enjoy the challenge and camaraderie that golf has to offer.

Common penalties in golf and how to avoid them

Common penalties in golf can be frustrating for players, but understanding the rules and how to avoid them is crucial. Here are some common penalties in golf and tips on how to steer clear of them:

  1. Out of bounds: Hitting the ball out of bounds results in a penalty stroke and requires players to replay the shot from the original spot. To avoid this penalty, aim for the fairway and be mindful of the course boundaries.
  2. Lost ball: If your ball becomes unplayable and cannot be found within five minutes, it is considered lost. This incurs a penalty stroke, so it’s important to keep track of your shots and search for wayward balls promptly.
  3. Water hazards: Shots that land in water hazards, such as ponds or lakes, come with a penalty stroke. Take extra care when playing near water and use a conservative approach to minimize the risk of ending up in a hazard.
  4. Unplayable lie: If your ball lands in a difficult or impossible-to-play location, you may declare it as unplayable. This results in a penalty stroke, and you have a few options for relief, including going back to the previous spot or dropping within two club lengths.
  5. Double hit: Accidentally hitting the ball twice with one swing is considered a double hit and counts as two strokes. Pay close attention to your swing and ensure a clean contact with the ball to avoid this penalty.
  6. Improper marking of the ball: When marking the ball on the green, it’s essential to do it correctly. Failure to mark the ball properly may lead to a penalty, so make sure to mark it with a coin or ball marker directly behind the ball.
  7. Playing out of turn: Golf is a game of etiquette, and playing out of turn can result in penalties. Be mindful of the order of play, especially on the green, and wait for your turn to avoid unnecessary penalties.

By familiarizing yourself with these common penalties and adopting good golf etiquette, you can reduce the chances of incurring penalties and improve your overall golfing experience.

Exploring the rules of golf regarding equipment

Exploring the rules of golf regarding equipment can be a perplexing journey that bursts with intricacies and surprises. The ever-evolving regulations surrounding golf equipment have created a landscape of unpredictability, where players and enthusiasts must stay informed to navigate the game effectively. From the moment a golfer steps onto the tee box, the rules govern everything from the clubs in their bag to the ball they strike. Understanding the intricacies of equipment rules is essential for players aiming to compete at a high level and for enthusiasts seeking to deepen their knowledge of the sport. Let’s delve into some of the key aspects of the rules of golf when it comes to equipment.

EQUIPMENT TYPEEXAMPLERULE NUMBERDESCRIPTION
Golf BallsTitleist Pro V1Rule 5Specifies the size, weight, and performance characteristics of golf balls allowed in play.
Golf ClubsTaylorMade M5 DriverRule 4Addresses the specifications and limitations of golf clubs, including the maximum club length, clubhead size, and allowable modifications.
Golf AccessoriesGolf GPS WatchRule 14Covers the use of accessories like rangefinders, GPS devices, and smartphone apps during a round of golf.
Golf GlovesFootJoy WeatherSofRule 5Relates to the use of gloves by golfers, providing guidelines on their construction and usage.
Golf ShoesNike Roshe GRule 5Specifies the characteristics of golf shoes, including spikes, to ensure fair play and course maintenance.
TeesWooden Golf TeesRule 5Defines the permissible types of tees that can be used when starting a hole, including size and materials.
Golf BagsCallaway Fusion Zero Stand BagRule 14Covers the specifications and usage of golf bags, including the number of clubs allowed and additional storage features.
Golf CartsClub Car PrecedentRule 14Addresses the use of golf carts during a round, covering restrictions and permissions on specific golf courses.
Golf Ball MarkersMagnetic Hat Clip Ball MarkerRule 14Relates to the use of markers to mark the position of a golf ball on the green, outlining the permissible types and placement.
Golf TowelsMicrofiber Golf TowelRule 14Specifies the use of towels for cleaning golf balls and clubs, including guidelines on placement and usage.
Ball RetrieversI Gotcha Ball RetrieverRule 14Covers the use of ball retrievers to retrieve golf balls from hazards or difficult-to-reach areas on the course.
Golf Ball RetrieversCallaway Golf Ball RetrieverRule 14Relates to the use and specifications of ball retrievers designed specifically for retrieving golf balls.
Golf UmbrellasTitleist Tour Double Canopy UmbrellaRule 5Addresses the use of umbrellas on the golf course, including size restrictions and their impact on play.
Golf RangefindersBushnell Tour V5 ShiftRule 14Covers the use of rangefinders to measure distances on the golf course, including the type of information they can provide.
Golf Ball RetrieversProActive Sports Green-Go Pocket Ball WasherRule 5Relates to the use of portable ball washers designed for cleaning golf balls during a round.
Golf Ball MarkersMetal Golf Ball MarkerRule 5Specifies the characteristics and types of markers that can be used to mark a golf ball on the green.

Tips for navigating hazards on the golf course

Navigating hazards on the golf course can be a perplexing challenge for even the most experienced golfers. With their unpredictable nature and potential to derail a round, hazards require careful strategy and execution. Here are some tips to help you navigate these obstacles with skill and confidence.

  1. Assess the Situation: Before attempting to tackle a hazard, take a moment to assess its severity and position. Consider factors such as distance, depth, and potential risk. This evaluation will help you determine the best approach.
  2. Club Selection: Choosing the right club is crucial when facing a hazard. Depending on the distance and trajectory required, opt for a club that will allow you to clear or safely navigate around the obstacle. Accuracy is key.
  3. Visualize Your Shot: Take a moment to visualize the ideal shot before you address the ball. Visualizing the trajectory and landing spot will help you commit to your shot and increase your chances of success.
  4. Adjust Your Swing: Hazards often require adjustments to your swing technique. For example, when playing from a bunker, focus on striking the sand before the ball to ensure a clean contact and prevent the club from digging too deeply.
  5. Play Smart: Sometimes, the smartest strategy is to play it safe. If the hazard seems too challenging, consider taking a penalty stroke and playing from a safer position. Remember, minimizing risk can ultimately lead to better overall scores.
  6. Practice Makes Perfect: To navigate hazards with confidence, practice various shots from different types of hazards. This will help you develop the skills and instincts necessary to handle these obstacles effectively on the course.

By following these tips and consistently applying them during your rounds, you’ll become more adept at navigating hazards and improving your overall golf game. Embrace the challenge and approach each hazard with a blend of caution and skill!

HAZARD TYPEDESCRIPTIONTIPS
Water HazardsThese include lakes, ponds, and streams on the golf course.Avoid hitting balls into water hazards. If your ball goes into a water hazard, take a penalty stroke and drop a new ball near the hazard.
BunkersBunkers are sand traps that are strategically placed on the golf course.When your ball lands in a bunker, use a sand wedge to get the ball out. Be sure to rake the bunker after playing your shot.
Out of BoundsOut of bounds areas are marked with white stakes or lines and indicate areas where you cannot play your ball.If your ball goes out of bounds, you must take a penalty stroke and replay your shot from a designated drop area.
TreesTrees can create obstacles on the golf course if your ball ends up behind them.If your ball is behind a tree, you may need to hit a shot sideways or backwards to get back into play. Do not move or break any branches.
Long GrassLong grass, also known as rough, can make it difficult to control your shots.When your ball is in the long grass, use a club with more loft to help get the ball out. Aim for the fairway to avoid the long grass.
Cart PathsCart paths are designated paths for golf carts and can be an obstacle if your ball lands on them.If your ball is on a cart path, you are allowed a free drop within one club length of the nearest point of relief, no closer to the hole.
SlopeSlopes on the golf course can affect the roll and direction of your ball.When playing on a slope, adjust your aim and club selection accordingly. Take practice swings to get a feel for the slope before hitting your shot.
Sand DunesSand dunes are natural hazards found on some golf courses, particularly links courses.When your ball is in a sand dune, use caution when playing your shot to avoid injury. Try to find a safe and level area to take your next shot.
Waste AreasWaste areas are areas of the golf course that are not maintained and may contain rocks, bushes, or other hazards.When your ball is in a waste area, carefully assess the situation and plan your shot. Be cautious of any potential hazards in the area.
Fairway BunkersFairway bunkers are bunkers located in the fairway of a hole.When your ball lands in a fairway bunker, use a sand wedge to get the ball out. Be aware of the lip of the bunker and plan your shot accordingly.
Gorse BushesGorse bushes are dense, prickly shrubs that can be found on some golf courses.If your ball is in a gorse bush, it may be difficult to play. Consider taking an unplayable lie and taking a penalty stroke to drop a new ball.
Cart Water HazardsCart water hazards are bodies of water specifically designated as hazards for golf carts.Avoid driving your cart into water hazards. If your cart goes into a water hazard, contact the golf course staff for assistance.
Rock FormationsRock formations can be found on some golf courses and can create challenging lies for your ball.When your ball is near a rock formation, carefully assess the situation and plan your shot. Consider taking relief if the ball is in a dangerous position.
Slopey LiesSlopey lies refer to uneven lies on the golf course, where the ball is either above or below your feet.When playing from a slopey lie, adjust your stance and aim accordingly. Practice hitting shots from similar lies during practice rounds.
Power LinesPower lines may be present on or near the golf course and can be considered hazards.Avoid hitting the ball into power lines. If your ball makes contact with power lines, replay your shot without penalty.
WildlifeWildlife such as birds, squirrels, or deer may be present on the golf course and can potentially interfere with play.Do not disturb or harm wildlife on the golf course. If your ball comes to rest near wildlife, take relief to avoid any potential interference.

Understanding the rules of match play in golf

Understanding the rules of match play in golf can be a bit perplexing, but once you grasp the concept, it adds a burst of excitement to the game. Match play is a unique format where two golfers compete against each other hole by hole, rather than aiming for a cumulative score. It is essential to understand the rules of match play to fully enjoy and participate in this thrilling golf format.

In match play, each hole is considered a separate event, and the golfer with the lowest score on a particular hole wins that hole. The overall winner of the match is the golfer who wins the most holes during the round.

One of the intriguing aspects of match play is that the scorecards often do not reflect the true state of the match. A player may be several strokes behind, but if they win more holes than their opponent, they can still come out victorious. This unpredictability adds a level of excitement and strategy to each shot.

Another rule unique to match play is that concessions can be made. A concession happens when a golfer acknowledges that their opponent has already won the hole and decides not to play it out. This strategic move can help speed up the pace of play and add a tactical element to the game.

It’s important to note that match play has its own set of rules that differ from stroke play, which is the more common format in golf. Familiarizing yourself with these specific rules, such as penalty strokes and out-of-bounds situations, will ensure fair play and avoid any potential disputes.

Understanding the rules of match play in golf might seem perplexing at first, but the burst of excitement it brings to the game is well worth the effort. So, grab your clubs, find a match play opponent, and embrace the unpredictability and thrill of this unique format!

COLUMN 1COLUMN 2COLUMN 3
Main DifferencesStroke PlayMatch Play
Scoring MethodCount the total number of strokes taken over a roundHole-by-hole basis, counting the number of holes won
GoalAchieve the lowest score possibleWin the most holes
CompetitionIndividual or team-basedHead-to-head
StrategyConsistency and minimizing mistakesAggressive play to win holes
LengthCan take several hours or days to completeCan be completed in a shorter time frame
TiesCan have ties if players have the same scoreExtra holes or sudden death playoff to determine winner
ScoringTotal strokes are comparedHoles won or lost are compared
Mental GameFocus on personal performanceFocus on opponent’s performance
Strategy AdjustmentsPlay the same strategy regardless of opponentAdjust strategy based on opponent’s play
Number of PlayersCan have any number of playersUsually played between two players
ExamplesThe Masters, U.S. OpenRyder Cup, Presidents Cup
PenaltiesPenalties are added to the total scorePenalties can result in loss of hole
Player InteractionLimited interaction with other playersDirect interaction with opponent
Course ManagementFocus on personal game planStrategize based on opponent’s game plan
PopularityMost common form of golfPopular in team competitions

The role of the golf rules official

In the intriguing world of golf, where precision and skill meet the unpredictable twists and turns of the game, the role of the golf rules official is of paramount importance. With an air of authority and a deep understanding of the ever-evolving rules, these officials bring order to the chaos and ensure fairness prevails on the course.

The golf rules official serves as the ultimate arbiter, meticulously applying the rules of golf to maintain the integrity of the game. They are the guardians of the sport, entrusted with making critical decisions amidst the perplexity and burstiness that often arise during a round.

One of the key responsibilities of a golf rules official is to interpret and enforce the rules. With their extensive knowledge and expertise, they navigate through the intricacies of the rulebook, providing clarity and guidance to players and spectators alike. Their decisions carry weight, often determining the outcome of a match or tournament.

The golf rules official operates with a delicate balance of authority and diplomacy. They must act decisively when enforcing penalties or resolving disputes, while also maintaining a respectful and professional demeanor. Their presence on the course ensures that the game is played in accordance with the established rules, fostering a sense of fair competition.

The unpredictable nature of golf adds an additional layer of complexity to the role of the rules official. From unpredictable weather conditions to unexpected hazards, the official must adapt and make quick judgments in the heat of the moment. This requires a keen eye, sharp instincts, and a deep understanding of the principles that govern the game.

While the rules of golf provide a framework, there are instances when interpretation is required. The rules official is called upon to make these judgment calls, weighing the intent of the player and the fairness of the situation. This element of subjectivity adds to the intrigue and challenge faced by these officials, as they strive to make the right call amidst the intricacies of the game.

In conclusion, the role of the golf rules official is a vital one, ensuring that fair play prevails in a sport that is both perplexing and bursting with excitement. With their expertise, authority, and adaptability, they bring order to the chaos, preserving the integrity of the game and upholding the spirit of golf.

How weather conditions can affect the rules of golf

When it comes to the game of golf, weather conditions can significantly impact the rules and overall gameplay. The unpredictability of weather adds an element of perplexity and burstiness to the sport, challenging even the most seasoned golfers. From the scorching heat of summer to the gusty winds of autumn and the torrential rains of spring, each weather condition presents its own set of challenges and adjustments for players on the course.

One of the most obvious ways weather affects the rules of golf is through the presence of strong winds. A gusty day can alter the trajectory and distance of a shot, forcing players to recalibrate their strategy and club selection. Additionally, windy conditions can make it harder to maintain control over the ball, leading to shots veering off course or creating unpredictable bounces.

Another weather condition that impacts the rules of golf is heavy rain. Rainfall can turn the fairways and greens into soggy and waterlogged surfaces, making it harder for the ball to roll smoothly and affecting the overall pace of play. In such conditions, players may need to lift, clean, and place their ball to ensure fair play and prevent any undue disadvantage caused by the weather.

Extreme heat can also pose challenges for golfers. High temperatures can make the course more physically demanding, leading to fatigue and dehydration. In such cases, players may need to take regular breaks, stay hydrated, and adapt their game plan to conserve energy. Additionally, the firmness and dryness of the course in hot weather can affect the bounce and roll of the ball, requiring players to adjust their approach shots accordingly.

Lastly, the presence of fog or mist can introduce an additional layer of complexity to the game. Reduced visibility can make it difficult for players to accurately judge distances and navigate the course. In such situations, players may need to rely more on their instincts and feel for the game, adapting their shots and club selection based on their own perception of the surroundings.

In conclusion, weather conditions can have a profound impact on the rules of golf. From wind and rain to heat and fog, each weather element introduces its own unique challenges and requires players to adapt their strategies and techniques accordingly. The unpredictability and burstiness brought about by weather conditions add an exciting and ever-changing dimension to the game of golf, making it a true test of skill and adaptability.

Exploring the rules of golf for tournament play

Exploring the rules of golf for tournament play can be a perplexing yet exhilarating experience. The intricate guidelines and regulations of the game add a burst of excitement to every round. Whether you’re a seasoned golfer or new to the sport, understanding and mastering the rules is essential for fair competition and to ensure a level playing field. From tee to green, let’s dive into the intriguing world of golf rules and discover the key aspects that govern tournament play.

One of the fundamental rules in golf is the requirement to play the ball as it lies. This means that golfers must accept the conditions of the course and adapt their strategy accordingly. It adds an element of unpredictability to the game, as players must navigate through various hazards and obstacles while maintaining proper etiquette and respect for the integrity of the game.

Another vital rule to consider is the concept of out of bounds. Golf courses are meticulously designed with boundaries that define the playable area. If a player’s ball lands outside these designated boundaries, it is considered out of bounds, resulting in a penalty stroke and the need to replay the shot. This rule emphasizes accuracy and precision, as even the slightest miscalculation can have significant consequences.

Additionally, understanding the rules surrounding penalties is crucial for tournament play. There are several types of penalties in golf, including stroke penalties for infractions such as hitting the ball into a water hazard or taking an improper drop. These penalties serve as a deterrent against unfair advantage and ensure that players adhere to the rules at all times.

Furthermore, golf rules also govern the behavior and etiquette expected from players during a tournament. Respect for fellow competitors, the course, and the game itself is of utmost importance. This includes maintaining an appropriate pace of play, repairing divots and ball marks, and adhering to specific rules of conduct.

In conclusion, exploring the rules of golf for tournament play is a thrilling endeavor that combines perplexity, burstiness, and a touch of unpredictability. By delving into the intricacies of the game, golfers can enhance their understanding and appreciation for the rules that shape the sport. So, tee up, embrace the challenge, and let the rules be your guide to an unforgettable golfing experience.

What is the definition of a golf ball?

According to the Rules of Golf, a golf ball is a ball designed to be used in the game of golf. It must conform to the specifications set by the governing bodies of the sport.

Can a player move loose impediments on the golf course?

Yes, a player is allowed to move loose impediments on the golf course, such as leaves, branches, or stones, unless they are in a hazard or bunker. However, there are certain restrictions in place when the ball is in motion or when the player is taking a stance.

What happens if a player's ball lands out of bounds?

If a player's ball lands out of bounds, the player must proceed under the stroke and distance penalty. This means the player must play another ball from the spot where the previous stroke was made, adding one penalty stroke to their score.

Can a player use any club to tee off?

Yes, a player can use any club to tee off, as long as it conforms to the rules regarding club specifications. The most common club used for teeing off is a driver, but some players may choose to use a fairway wood or an iron depending on the situation.

What is the penalty for hitting the wrong ball?

If a player hits a wrong ball, they incur a penalty of two strokes in stroke play. In match play, the player incurs a loss of hole penalty. It is important for players to properly identify their own ball and ensure they are playing the correct ball throughout the round.

In conclusion, understanding the rules of golf is essential for any golfer, whether amateur or professional. These rules not only govern the game, but also ensure fair play and maintain the integrity of the sport. By following the rules, golfers can enjoy a level playing field, compete with sportsmanship, and appreciate the challenges and rewards that golf has to offer. So, remember to familiarize yourself with the rules, practice good etiquette, and have a great time out on the course!